Apart from Breast Cancer, cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women, yet it is highly preventable. It begins in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. With early detection, regular screening, and HPV vaccination, many lives can be saved. Every woman deserves to know how to protect herself from this silent threat. Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women, yet it is highly preventable. It begins in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. With early detection, regular screening, and HPV vaccination, many lives can be saved. Every woman deserves to know how to protect herself from this silent threat.
Causes of Cervical Cancer
The major cause of cervical cancer is a long-term infection with certain high-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). When these infections are not cleared by the body, they can gradually cause changes in the cervical cells that may turn cancerous over several years.
Other contributing factors include early sexual activity, having multiple sexual partners, and weakened immunity, especially in people living with HIV. These conditions increase the likelihood of developing cervical cancer.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
In most cases, early cervical cancer does not show obvious signs, which is why regular screening is important. As the disease advances, symptoms may appear such as vaginal bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause. There may also be watery, bloody, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Some individuals experience pain or discomfort during sex, persistent pelvic pain or pressure, and pain in the lower back.
Anyone who notices these warning signs should seek medical attention for proper evaluation.
Prevention and Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer
Getting the HPV vaccine is one of the most effective ways to protect against cervical cancer. Going for regular screenings helps detect early cell changes before they become cancerous.
Health experts recommend Pap tests and HPV tests for individuals with a cervix. These tests can identify abnormal or precancerous cells early, allowing for quick and effective treatment.
Survival Rates of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer survival depends on how early it is detected. When found early, about 90–95% of patients live beyond five years. If it spreads to nearby tissues, survival drops to around 60%, and when it reaches distant organs, it falls to about 20%.
Globally, overall survival averages 60–70%, but rates are lower in developing countries due to late diagnosis and limited healthcare access. Early detection through regular screening, HPV vaccination, and prompt treatment gives the best chance of survival.